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[Yacht power system problem knowledge] Basic knowledge of the inverter Q & A

date:2018-09-12 16:04:03

1. Q: What is an inverter and what does it do?




A: Simply put, an inverter is an electronic device that converts low voltage (12 or 24 volts) direct current to 220 volts alternating

 current. Because we usually use 220 volt AC to be converted to DC,and the inverter has the opposite effect, hence the name. 

We are in a “mobile” era, mobile office, mobile communication, mobile leisure and entertainment. In the mobile state, 

people not only need low-voltage DC power supplied by batteries or batteries, but also need 220 VAC, 

which is indispensable in our daily environment, and the inverter can meet our needs.




2. Q: According to the output waveform, what are the inverters?




A: There are two main types, one is a sine wave inverter and the other is a square wave inverter. The sine wave inverter outputs

 an even better sinusoidal alternating current than the grid we use every day because it does not have electromagnetic pollution

 in the grid. The square wave inverter outputs a square wave alternating current of poor quality, and its positive maximum value

 to negative maximum value are generated at the same time, which causes severe instability effects on the load and the inverter

 itself. At the same time, its load capacity is poor, only 40-60% of the rated load, can not carry inductive load (see the following

 for a detailed explanation). If the load is too large, the third harmonic component contained in the square wave current will 

increase the capacitive current flowing into the load, and in severe cases, the load filter capacitor of the load will be damaged.

 In view of the above shortcomings, in recent years, quasi-sine waves (or improved sine waves, modified sine waves, analog sine

 waves, etc.) have appeared, and the output waveform has a time from the positive maximum value to the negative maximum 

value. Interval, the effect of use has been improved, but the waveform of the quasi-sine wave is still composed of polylines, which

 belongs to the square wave category and has poor continuity. In summary, sine wave inverters provide high quality AC power

 that can drive any kind of load, but with high technical requirements and cost. The quasi-sinusoidal inverter can meet most of 

our electricity demand, with high efficiency, low noise and moderate price, thus becoming the mainstream product in the market.

 The square wave inverter is manufactured using a simple multivibrator. Its technology belongs to the level of the 1950s and will

 gradually withdraw from the market.




3. Q: What is “inductive load”?




A: In layman's terms, high-power electrical products such as electric motors, compressors, relays, fluorescent lamps, etc., which are

 manufactured using the principle of electromagnetic induction. This type of product requires a much larger starting current 

(approximately 3-7 times) than the current required to maintain normal operation. For example, a refrigerator that consumes about 

150 watts of electricity during normal operation can have a starting power of more than 1000 watts. In addition, because the inductive

 load is connected to the power supply or disconnected from the power supply, a counter electromotive voltage is generated. The

 peak value of this voltage is much larger than the voltage that the inverter can withstand, which easily causes the inverter to be 

overloaded instantaneously. , affecting the life of the inverter. Therefore, such appliances have higher requirements for power supply

 waveforms.




4. Q: Which electrical appliances can the quasi-sine wave inverter be used for?




A: Quasi-sinusoidal waves are also divided into several types, from square waves that are similar to square waves to rounded trapezoidal

 waves that are closer to sine waves. We only discuss square waves here, which is also the waveform that most commercially available 

high frequency inverters can provide. These quasi-sine wave inverters can be used in notebook computers, televisions, combination

 audio,video cameras, digital cameras, printers, various chargers, palm power, game consoles, DVD players, mobile DVDs, home therapy

 devices.And so on, the inverter with large output power can also be applied to small electric heating appliances such as hair dryers,

 electric cups, kitchen appliances and the like. However, it is not suitable for long-term use of quasi-sine wave inverters for inductive

 load electrical appliances such as refrigerators and electric drills. Otherwise, it may cause damage to the inverter and related electrical 

products or shortenthe expected service life. If inductive loads must be used, it is recommended to use a quasi-sinusoidal inverter with

 a large reserve power, such as the oversized peak power inverter provided on this website. Here, focus on the example of a quasi-sine

 wave inverter applied to a television set (traditional display type). The TV has the following three requirements for the inverter: First, 

when the TV is turned on, the degaussing circuit has a great instantaneous demand for electric energy, so the peak power requirement 

of the inverter is very high. For example, a 25-inch digital color TV consumes about 80 watts of power during normal operation and up 

to 1,450 watts of power at startup. Second, because the field frequency of the TV set is equal to the AC grid frequency, the frequency 

at which the inverter outputs AC power must be accurate. Third, the inverter should not cause interference to the TV set. Even if the 

above three conditions are met, when the TV uses quasi-sinusoidal AC power, there will still be several fixed interference patterns on 

the screen, and the color will be slightly greenish (the color cast is more serious when using the old TV), but The other is no different.




5. Q: What is the efficiency of the inverter?




A: The inverter itself consumes a part of the power when it is working. Therefore, its input power is greater than its output power. 

The efficiency of the inverter is the ratio of the input power of the inverter to the output power. If an inverter inputs 100 watts of 

direct current and outputs 90 watts of alternating current, then its efficiency is 90%.




6. Q: What is the continuous output power? What is the peak output power?




A: Some electrical appliances or tools that use electric motors, such as refrigerators, washing machines, electric drills, etc., require a large

 amount of current to drive at the moment of start-up. Once the start-up is successful, only a small current is needed to maintain its 

normal operation. Therefore, for the inverter, there is also the concept of continuous output power and peak output power. The 

continuous output power is the rated output power; the general peak output power is twice the rated output power. It must be 

emphasized that some electrical appliances, such as air conditioners and refrigerators, have a starting current equivalent to 3-7 times the 

normal operating current. Therefore, only the inverter that can meet the peak power of the appliance can work normally.




7. Q: How should I connect the inverter to the power supply and load?




A: Use 150 watts or less of electrical appliances to directly plug the 150 watt inverter plug into the cigarette lighter socket. The inverter 

with more than 150 watts is directly connected to the battery through the crocodile clip wire. The red wire is connected to the battery 

positive pole, and the black wire is connected to the battery negative pole (not reversed, remember!) If the power is far from the battery,

 the inverter is connected. The principle is: the connection between the inverter and the battery should be as short as possible, and the 

output line of the 220 volt AC is longer.


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